8 limbs of yoga (Ashta = eight, Anga =  limb, part, branch) were first described in 200 BC in Patanjali’s yoga sutras. They form the foundation of Ashtanga yoga, also knows as Raja Yoga, and are the basis of modern yoga. Yama is the first of the 8 limbs of yoga.

Yama defines 5 universal ethical principles and values governing our interaction with the world. These principles transcend cultures and societies and are naturally accepted across time and space. Ethical life is the foundation of yoga practice and all other limbs build on it and are intertwined with it.

In today’s fast paced world, Yama is often undervalued. Consideration and human decency fall victim to everyday pressures. Ethical values ​​and morals are replaced by materialistic ambitions, often at cost to self and others.

Western adaptation of yoga often mirrors this disconnect. Yoga classes barely touch on Yama, focusing on physical execution of positions, Instagram is full of wanna-be yogis competing for the next best shot, preferably showcasing the most difficult asanas,  and yoga instructors and personalities sometimes show stark differences in how they present themselves and how they behave in everyday life.

It is time to stop and think about ourselves and our own principles and behaviours. Whilst societal pressure can be difficult to overcome, all conflicts between what and how we do and what is natural to our higher self, will sooner or later manifest somewhere. Be it physically or mentally.

5 Yama principles:

          1. Ahimsa

Ahimsa is non-violence and causing no harm in thought, word and deed. This refers to others, nature and animals, as well as ourselves. The basis of Ahimsa is love, including self-love, and compassion.

          2. Satya

Satya refers to truth in words, thoughts and deeds. It guides us to live truthfully and honestly in alignment with our higher purpose and inner self. According to Satya we are to be honest in all we do, but doing so with tact and compassion.

          3. Asteya

Asteya refers to non-stealing, and not taking what is not freely given. This goes beyond the physical and includes time and energy. Asteya encourages to be self-sufficient, no relying on others to obtain what we need.

          4. Brahmacharya

Brahmacharya is about moderation and the ‘right’ use of energy. It is often interpreted as celibacy, but goes beyond. Brahmacharya encourages  responsible and considerate approach, discouraging excessively using energy on things that do not serve us. This can include sex, food, drinking, emotions, information and even some people.

          5. Aparigraha

Yama Aparigraha is the last principle, referring to non-attachment, non-greed and independence . It teaches to take only what is necessary and needed now, focus on the present action and moment, and be content with what you have.

Yama principles are in alignment with our higher selves, and following them in everyday life leads to more harmonious and content life.